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Common Sleep Disruptors and How to Sleep Better

by | Mar 5, 2024 | Uncategorized

“A good laugh and a long sleep are the two best cures for anything.” Irish proverb

Here’s an unfortunate irony: We all need a good night of sleep more than ever to effectively cope with the challenges of our daily lives. Research shows that an increasing number of people have been experiencing sleep disturbances since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and even in pre-pandemic times, the importance of sleep in maintaining our mental and physical health is often overlooked. As much as 43% of the population say they don’t get enough sleep!

Stages Of Sleep And How They Support Good Health

We tend to take sleep for granted without fully realizing the complex processes taking place. Throughout the course of the night, we go through several stages of sleep, each with its own purpose. Generally speaking, sleep is divided into two stages:

 

Rapid eye movement (REM)

Typically occurring after the first 90 minutes of sleep, this is the stage when you’re more likely to have vivid dreams. Your eyes move quickly (hence the name) and your heartbeat increases. Many people also experience temporary muscle paralysis during this stage. REM sleep supports memory, mood, and cognitive function, and some studies have connected a lack of REM sleep with a reduced coping ability. Interestingly, the amount of REM sleep we get each night tends to decline with age.

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM)

NREM is further broken down into three stages:

NREM 1: the first stage of sleep, which is a very light sleep.
NREM 2: This stage is slightly deeper than NREM 1 and about half of a typical night’s sleep is spent here
NREM 3: this is the deepest stage of sleep, during which heart rate, breathing, and other bodily processes slow down. It can be hard to wake someone up from NREM 3. It’s primarily at this stage that your body performs the restorative functions of sleep, including strengthening the immune system and repairing tissue.

Consequences Of Poor Sleep

The long-term impact of poor sleep extends far beyond feeling a bit groggy the next day. Some consequences include

  • Hormonal changes. Poor sleep can throw numerous hormones off balance in the body, and vice-versa. Proper sleep is important for hormones to function effectively and many hormones depend on the sleep-wake cycle including cortisol, leptin and ghrelin which are regulators of stress, hunger and fullness.

  • Difficulties with weight maintenance: One study found that people who routinely get less than seven hours a night of sleep are over 40% more likely to be obese. One factor that plays a role is that sleep helps balance the levels of ghrelin (the hormone associated with hunger) and leptin (the hormone associated with feelings of fullness). 

  • Reduced cognitive function: Concentration, memory, and problem-solving are all negatively impacted by poor sleep. (This is why the effects of driving while sleep-deprived is very similar to driving under the influence of alcohol.)

  • Lowered immunity: Poor sleep lowers your immunity to common viruses so you’re more likely to catch what’s going around if you’re sleep deprived. 

  • Heightened risk for cardiac problems: Not getting enough sleep raises your risk for heart disease and high blood pressure. Conversely, however, getting more than nine hours on average also increases your risk. The sweet spot appears to be between seven and nine hours a night.

  • More vulnerability to mental health struggles and social problems: A lack of sleep not only makes you more vulnerable to depression, it can also impact social skills like empathy and trust.

Are You Unknowingly Sabotaging Your Sleep?

 

As the list above suggests, sleep problems can impact all areas of health. However, it’s difficult to tackle sleep problems when you’re tired. Of course, when we’re tired, we reach for caffeine or sugar and don’t have the energy to adopt better lifestyle habits, creating a never-ending cycle.

Many factors can negatively impact sleep, including

  • Stress 

  • Caffeine

  • Poor nutrition

  • Sedentary lifestyles

  • Blue light from electronic devices

  • Medical problems like restless leg syndrome

  • Chronic pain

  • Hormone imbalances

Protecting Your Sleep

So how can we prevent these common sleep disruptors from impacting our health? The following tips can help you take a more proactive approach to getting a good night’s sleep.

1. Make sleep a priority

This simple mindshift can have a big impact. After all, sleep isn’t just something you fit in when you’re not too busy, but an essential function of maintaining good health. As mentioned, aim for 7 – 9 hours of restful sleep a night and prepare for sleep in a routine fashion so that it becomes more of a priority for you (more on that below).

2. Create a sleep-friendly environment

Treat your bedroom like a sanctuary, and avoid doing other things in there, particularly if they are work-related. Keep the temperature moderate (cooler is better), and reduce noise and light as much as possible. If you have a lot of environmental disruptors, try a white noise machine or blackout curtains.

3. Maintain a consistent and restful routine

Your body likes regular hours for sleep. We’re often programmed to stay up later and sleep in on the weekend, but maintaining a regular schedule and protecting your circadian rhythm is better in the long run. You should be able to wake up naturally without setting an alarm – if it takes several repeats of the snooze alarm, adjust your bedtime earlier.

It can be difficult to switch from our fast-paced waking lives to a restful state conducive to sleep. Honour this transition by avoiding stimulating activities right before bed in favour of more restful activities like reading or taking a warm bath.

4. Avoid blue-light emitting devices

The light emitted from electronic devices is composed of blue wavelengths, similar to the sun’s rays. This light can slow the production of melatonin, the sleep-inducing hormone. Think of it this way: your eyes associate the blue light of daytime with wakefulness, and as that light fades as the day ends, they send a signal to your brain to produce more melatonin. When a device also emits blue light, your eyes are tricked into thinking it’s still the middle of the day. You can minimize this effect by avoiding LED screens for 2-3 hours before bedtime. On a similar note, try not to keep your phone beside your bed. (If you use it for the alarm, simply buy an alarm clock.) This can prevent the urge to check notifications and will also reduce EMF (Electromagnetic Frequency) exposure from your device. Studies are ongoing, but research shows that daily occupational EMF exposure may be associated with poor sleep quality. You can also turn your home wi-fi off at night to reduce EMF exposure further.

5. Minimize sleep disruptors like caffeine and alcohol

Caffeine can keep you awake even if you consume it as much as six hours before bedtime, so avoid anything with caffeine well before you plan to sleep. Similarly, avoid foods that give you heartburn, if you are prone to it. Although alcohol can put you to sleep faster, its effects are short-lived, and it shortens REM sleep, resulting in more disruptions to sleep and poor sleep quality.

 

6. Treat chronic pain and other conditions that can affect sleep

Work with your healthcare practitioner if chronic pain is keeping you up at night. If you have chronic sleep difficulties, ask about determining if you have sleep apnea, a common condition in which people experience difficulty breathing while sleeping.

 

7. Exercise during the day

Exercise is one of the most helpful things you can do to improve sleep. Avoid overtraining, which can lead to insomnia, and don’t exercise vigorously too late. Many people find some light stretching or yoga in the evening helps with sleep. Try an inversion yoga pose like “legs on the wall” to help get your body in a restful and relaxed state.

 

8. Support your hormones

Did you know that a hormonal irregularity can cause your sleep to suffer? Fluctuations of thyroid, testosterone, estrogen, cortisol, progesterone, melatonin and/or growth hormone can all cause sleep difficulties. For example, an deficiency in estrogen (which we see in perimenopause) can cause waking in the night, night sweats as well as trouble getting to sleep due to increased cortisol. Find out if your hormones are keeping you up or waking you up by scheduling a consultation and getting proper testing from a qualified healthcare practitioner. We can help!

 

9. Try meditation

Meditation can help train your mind and body’s relaxation response. You can find meditations specifically geared towards sleepiness on many mindfulness apps, or even YouTube.

 

Don’t overlook the importance of sleep in your overall health. If your sleep is not restoring your body daily, you can be setting yourself up for a roller coaster of health issues. Need help ensuring your body is balanced and functioning properly? Give us a call or book a consultation online. We can help determine the root cause of your health issues and put you on a plan to help you be restored, vibrant and resilient.

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